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A Cistercian abbey was founded in Medmenham in the 12th century under the ownership of Woburn Abbey, though it was not officially recognised by royal charter until 1200. In 1547, with the Dissolution of the Monasteries, the abbey was seized and given to the Moore family and then sold privately to the Duffields. The abbey then became infamous as the location of The Hellfire Club, formerly called the Monks of Medmenham.